Latest Edition,is formed by a combination of amino acids

Peptide bond kya hota hai ka sawal jeev-vigyan aur rasayan vigyan mein bahut mahatvapurna hai. Yeh bond proteins ke nirmaan mein ek buniyadi ikai hai. Peptide bond ek prakar ka sah-sanyojak bandh (covalent bond) hota hai jo do amino aml (amino acids) ko ek saath jodta hai. Yeh bond proteins ki lambi shrinkhalaon, yaani peptide shrinkhalaon, ka nirmaan karta hai.

Peptide Bond Ka Nirmaan Kaise Hota Hai?

Peptide bond ka nirmaan ek sanghanan abhikriya (condensation reaction) ke dwara hota hai. Jab ek amino aml ka carboxyl group (-COOH) doosre amino aml ke amino group (-NH2) ke saath abhikriya karta hai, to ek peptide bond banta hai. Is abhikriya mein, ek jal anu (water molecule, H2O) nikal jata hai.

Vishesh roop se, ek amino aml ke carboxyl group se ek hydroxyl (-OH) samuh aur doosre amino aml ke amino group se ek hydrogen (H) anu nikal kar jal ka nirmaan karte hain. Iske parinaam swaroop, pehle amino aml ka carbon (C) aur doosre amino aml ka nitrogen (N) ek peptide bond (-CO-NH-) se jud jaate hain. Is bandh mein anshik dohra bandh (partial double bond) bhi hota hai, jo ise sthirta pradan karta hai.

Amino aml ki sanrachna mein ek kendriya carbon anu hota hai jisse ek amino group (-NH2), ek carboxyl group (-COOH), ek hydrogen anu (H), aur ek vishisht side chain (R group) juda hota hai. Yahi R group har amino aml ko dusron se alag banata hai. Jab do amino aml judte hain, to woh ek dipeptide banate hain. Teen ya adhik amino aml judne par polypeptide banta hai, jo proteins ka adhaar hai.

Peptide Bond Kahan Bante Hain?

Peptide bond kahan bante hain iska seedha jawab hai ki yeh protein (protein) mein amino aml (amino acids) ke beech bante hain. Yeh prakriya jeevit koshikaon mein, vishesh roop se ribosomes par hoti hai, jahan protein sanshleshan (protein synthesis) hota hai. Ribosomes mRNA dwara diye gaye genetic code ke anusar amino aml ko ek anishchit kram mein jodte hain, jisse vishesh karya karne wale proteins bante hain.

Peptide Bond Ka Mahatva

Peptide bond ka mahatva is baat mein hai ki yeh proteins ki sanrachna aur karya ko nirdharit karta hai.

* Sanrachnatmak Sthirta: Peptide bond proteins ko unki tri-ayami sanrachna (three-dimensional structure) mein sthirta pradan karta hai. Yeh sthirta proteins ke liye unke karyon ko sahi dhang se karne ke liye avashyak hai.

* Jeevan ke Liye Avashyak: Covalent bonds that exist between any two amino acids protein shrinkhala ko banaye rakhte hain, jo enzymes, hormones, antibodies, aur sharir ke anya mahatvapurna ghatakon ke liye avashyak hain.

* Amino Acids Ka Jodna: Peptide bond hi woh bond that connects α-amino acids to each other hai jo jeevan ke liye avashyak bade biomolecules ka nirmaan karte hain.

Vishesh Paramitar Aur Jaankari

* Bandh Kshetr (Bond Length): Peptide bond mein C-N bandh ki lambai, ek aam C-N bandh se thodi kam aur ek C=N dohre bandh se thodi adhik hoti hai. Yeh iske partial double bond character ka parinaam hai.

* Bandh Koni (Bond Angles): Peptide bond ke aas-paas ke anu ke bandh kon bhi iske vishisht gunon ko prabhavit karte hain.

* Bandh Shakti (Bond Strength): Peptide bond ek mazboot covalent bond hai, jise todne ke liye kafi urja ki avashyakta hoti hai. Yahi karan hai ki proteins sharir mein sthir rehte hain.

* Samatal Prakriti (Planar Nature): Peptide bond aur usse jude char anu (Cα-CO-NH-Cα) ek hi tal mein sthit hote hain, jise peptide plane kaha jata hai. Yeh protein ki sanrachna ko aur adhik vyavasthit karta hai.

Amino aml ke alava, amino group aur carboxyl group peptide bond ke nirmaan mein sakriya roop se bhag lete hain. Jab yeh abhikriya hoti hai, to ek **